Especially useful are the simple, elegant introductions to the various sections of the anthology peter menzies, macquarie university an excellent volume. Naming and necessity iii for atime theantiessentialistiswinning. Since the descriptions ordinarily associated with names. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of reference, in particular of naming, and of identity. This article describes kripke structures as used in model checking. It provided the first cogent account of necessity and possibility as metaphysical concepts, and it. Naming and necessity was mentioned as one of the eminent texts for this practice. Kripke blackwell oxford wikipedia citation please see wikipedias template documentation for further citation fields that may be. In naming and necessity saul kripke argues against typetypeidentity theory by the use of an argument from philosophy of language. Saul kripke s views regarding the function and use of proper names are quite well known in the field of philosophy.
Itwould be a situation in which there was some other woman who had many of the properties that are in fact e of elizabeth. Saul kripke 19801971 the identity thesis excerpt from identity and necessity give a sketch of kripkes argumentation against the identity theory and discuss it. Identifying the two, he supposes that both are given by. Applied to our news story about homer, the device of rigid desig nators guarantees that if we are referring at all by the name homer. Rigid designators stanford encyclopedia of philosophy.
The modal argument 4849, 7177 in lecture i, kripke introduced the notion of rigid designation. For example, we take it to be the case that it is contingent that the first postmaster of the united states is identical with the inventor of bifocals i. The intemalist qggeststhat we cannot imagine that particular we callthe queen ving theproperty ofatnostageinher existencebeinghuman. The preface is not written in such a way as to be completely selfcontained.
Of coursei waspointing to awooden tablein the room. Kripke and the mindbody problem i regard the mindbody problem as wide. It is basically a graph whose nodes represent the reachable states of the system and whose. Impressive editorial skill is displayed in introducing the student to all of the. Synthese library monographs on epistemology, logic, methodology, philosophy of science, sociology of science and of knowledge, and on the mathematical methods of social and behavioral sciences, vol 40.
Naming and necessity ii causalhistorical theory of. The transcript was brought out originally in 1972 in semantics of natural language, edited by donald davidson and gilbert harman. We can then ask whether certain things might have been true of these objects 273. For a more general description, see kripke semantics a kripke structure is a variation of the transition system, originally proposed by saul kripke, used in model checking to represent the behavior of a system. In short, it is difficult to do serious academic philosophy today without taking positions on the sorts of things kripke is up to in naming and necessity. Donnellans considerations do not refute russells theory of descriptions. Saul aaron kripke is a philosopher and logician who have made significant contributions to. Lecture 1 proper names people, countries, cities, etc.
Kripke first became known for technical work on modal logic, the logic of necessity and possibility, much of it done in the late 1950s as a highschool student, and. The paradigm example of nonrigid designators, since the work of of kripke, has been standard definite descriptions, such as the brightest nonlunar object in the evening sky. Kripke harvard university press cambridge, massachusetts copyright c 1972, 1980 by sau. The consequence of this is that no contingent identitystatements can be made by means of proper names. Given the commonsense assumption that words possess distinctive meanings e. Give a sketch of kripkes argumentation against the identity theory and discuss it. If there is such a thing as essential reading in metaphysics or in philosophy of language, this is it. Saul kripke 19801971 the identity thesis excerpt from. Kripke and the mindbody problem i regard the mindbody problem as wide open and extremely confusing. Time and development in kripkes naming and necessity. Saul kripkes work has had a tremendous impact on philosophy in the last thirty.
If e antiintemalist admits this, admits that it is logically incon. Giving the semantic content this is one facet of a fregean sense. Speaker reference and semantic reference pdf 0 1977 by saul kripke. Saul kripke, naming and necessity daniel bauer tutorial session j. Ever since the publication of its original version, naming and necessity has had great and increasing influence. Considerable time has elapsed, and i have come to realize that any extensive revision or expansion would delay the appearance of a separate, less expensive edition of naming and necessity indefinitely. Here the latter must be given primary emphasis, but the former will not be entirely neglected. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of naming, and of identity. Saul kripke, identity and necessity driving question. In the given texts saul kripke argues against typetypeidentity theory by the use of an argument from philosophy of language.
Kripke, 9780631128014, available at book depository with free delivery worldwide. Kripke first became known for technical work on modal logic, the logic of necessity and possibility, much of it done in the late 1950s as a highschool student, and summarized in kripke 1963. A sense is supposed to be that which is grasped by the mind, a meaning in some nontechnical sense. The ideas in naming and necessity evolved in the early sixties most of the views were formulated in about 196364. You have read excerpts from his most seminal work, a series of lectures given in 1970, transcribed and published as naming and necessity. Kripke on description theory kripke says, the whole picture given by this theory of how reference is determined seems to be wrong from the fundamentals. Richard rorty kripke versus kant lrb 4 september 1980. However, some definite descriptions, such as the successor of 2, are rigid designators. If one expression is a rigid and another is not, they cannot mean the same thing. The pragmatists like dewey though they came before russel, if i am not mistaken. Philosophy saul kripke naming and necessity philosophy essay. Naming and necessity 3 the preface first, but that they return to it for clarification if necessary after they have read the main text. Yet there comesatime when his claims appear a tribe too far fetched. In certain philosophical circles necessity is viewed as the root of much, if not all.
A great deal of the books brilliance lies in the astonishing simplicity of his solution to some of philosophys most fiendish puzzles and the ease with which he lectures reveals the powerful grasp he has on the issues he describes. Kripke, naming and necessity gaby pilson and sophie gaulkin. If a name refers to an object o, it refers to o with respect to every possible world in which o exists. When these lectures were first published eight years ago in a collection, they stood analytic philosophy on its ear. It covers all the right topics with a good mix of classic and contemporary articles. Arial times new roman symbol default design saul kripke, identity and necessity an apparent paradox the paradox with proper names identities in science rigid vs. And we can always turn a nonrigid description the f into a rigid description by using the. Everybody was either furious, or exhilarated, or thoroughly perplexed. Naming and necessity 195 h t the thing which we saw in the evening is the thing which we saw in. Kripkes most important philosophical publication, naming and necessity 1980, based on transcripts of three lectures he delivered at princeton in 1970, changed the course of analytic philosophy.
In reading naming and necessity, it is clear that saul kripke stands in a similar position. These addenda represent certain amplifications of the original text which i have added either in response to questions or for the sake of clarification or sketchy. The transcript was brought out originally in 1972 in semantics of natural language, edited by donald davidson and. There we saw that we could give the following test for the rigidity of a term. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical nec. Why there are no necessary a posteriori propositions. Reviews this is the best anthology of metaphysics that i know of. Requirements the seminar requirements are of four kinds. Other articles where naming and necessity is discussed.
And then he says that he is discontented with this. For better or worse, both kripkes substantive views and his new philosophical tools have become extremely influential in almost every subdiscipline of philosophy. Naming and necessity has had a great and increasing influence. Kripke on naming and necessity university of toronto. Originally i had intended to revise or augment naming and necessity extensively.
Kripke blackwell oxford wikipedia citation please see wikipedias template documentation for further citation fields that may be required. Kripkes naming and necessity some theses of naming and necessity 1. Although kripke was not yet twenty when he made his first contribution to philosophy, the series of three lectures he gave at princeton university in 1970, titled naming and necessity, is perhaps his bestknown work. A prospective philosopher taking up naming and neces. Click on document kripke, saul naming and necessity. Kripke assumes that both descriptions and names satisfy the general scheme that.
The unfinished semantic agenda of naming and necessity, oxford, 2002. It redirected philosophical attention to neglected questions of natural and metaphysical necessity and to the connections between these and theories of reference, in. Identity and necessity 185 think, contrary to most recent theorists, that the reference of names is rarely or almost never fixed by means of description. Naming and necessity by saul kripke was first published in book form in 1980 and consists mainly of three lectures given at princeton university, an overview, an essay on.
Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Kripke naming and necessity problems associated with simple descriptivism the most common way out of this difficulty is to say really it is not a weakness in ordinary language that we cant substitute a particular description for the name. Kripke wants to demonstrate that if one believes in the identity of mental and brain states, one needs to accept the theorys full consequence, namely that there cannot be brain states which are not mental. Lectures given to the princeton university philosophy colloquium. Its not a single description, but rather a cluster, a family of properties which fixes the reference. Naming and necessity is a 1980 book with the transcript of three lectures, given by the philosopher saul kripke, at princeton. Kripke uses name to refer solely to these, not to definite descriptions definite descriptions the x such that ax. The preface of 21 pages describes the genesis and background of the leading ideas of the monograph, and discusses a few common misunderstandings. Naming and necessity is a 1980 book with the transcript of three lectures, given by the philosopher saul kripke, at princeton university in 1970, in which he dealt with the debates of proper names in the philosophy of language.
Naming and necessity a conflation in freges notion of sense frege should be criticized for using the term sense in two senses. Kripke is nearly universally acknowledged as one of the foremost living philosophers. Draw a function that fulfills the following characteristics. This, then, the real menig of the idntity statement in uestion. Full text of meaning and necessity internet archive. Kripke wants to demonstrate that if one believes in the identity of mental and brain states, one needs to accept the theorys full consequence, namely that there cannot be brain states which are not mental states or vice versa. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page.
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