Vigna radiata seed germination under salinity springerlink. Under 200 mm nacl, growth of both types of plants was completely inhibited. Stress 12dsm1 to control ratio sc which is indicating of salinity tolerance was high for seed yield of dsm12 and hyola401. This thesis is dedicated to my fathers name, mr taybuddin. The response of plants to salinity stress has been widely. In saline environment adaptation of plants to salinity during germination and early seedling stages is crucial for the. Moreover the salt induced inhibition of the up take of. Genomewide association study of seedling stage salinity. A managed salinity screening in pots was conducted at greenhouse facility of the department of crop physiology. Root cortical cells as a tool to screen for salt tolerance 117. Photosynthesis under stressful environments 165 and turgor, high h2o2 production, and finally the stomata closure zhang et al. Recently, the complete genomes of 3000 rice accessions were sequenced through the 3 k rice genome project, and this set included 203 temperate japonica rice accessions. The reactions of plants to salinity depend on the specific degree of tolerance against soil salinity.
Chickpea grows under a wide range of climatic conditions and highly sensitive to salt stress. Evaluating physiological responses of plants to salinity. It is known that salinity stress results in disruption of homeostasis and ionic toxicity to plant cells zhu 2001. Effect of salinity stress on yield, component characters. In this article we will discuss about salinity stress in plants.
Salinity stress is the most significant problem facing plant agriculture in many regions of the world. Alleviation of salt stress induced adverse effects on maize plants by exogenous application of indoleacetic acid iaa and inorganic nutrients a field trial cengiz kaya1, muhammad ashraf2, murat dikilitas3 and atilla l. Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance. Aug 23, 2015 salinity stress tolerance in plants master seminar 1.
Causes of students stress, its effects on their academic. Drought and salinity are among the environmental factors that constrain agricultural productivity most dramatically. Salt stress was found to reduce seed germination, fresh and dry biomass, shoot and root leng th and yield attributes of mungbean 9,10, 11. Petronia carillo, maria grazia annunziata, giovanni pontecorvo, amodio fuggi and pasqualina woodrow september 22nd 2011. It has been estimated that more than 20% of all cultivated lands around the world contain salt levels high enough to cause salt stress to crop plants 10. The environmental stress is a major area of scientific concern because it constraints plant as well as crop productivity. Several shoot and root morphophysiological traits were measured at 37 days after sowing. For this the total of fifteen varieties were collected, to evaluate the genetic diversity under the normal field condition and the effect of salt. Introduction salinity stress is one of the most deleterious abiotic stress factors that affect the growth, productivity and physiology of plants. All pots were filled with equal proportions of soil, sand and compost.
Salinity has a significant impact on rice production in coastal, arid and semiarid areas in many countries, including countries growing temperate rice, such as kazakhstan. Moreover, salinity problem has been aggravated by surface irrigation in arid and semi arid environments 5. Salt stress occurs from both osmotic stress due to low water potentials and salt specific effects, for this beyond the water restrictions, salt stressed plants have to develop conditions to tolerate the toxic effects caused by ion accumulation, which could affect all aspects of plant metabolism. Comparison between the water and salt stress effects on plant. The results of twentyone salinity tests indicate that salinity decreases with compression. Alleviation of salt stressinduced adverse effects on. The effect of salinity on plants may cause disturbances in plant metabolism eltayeb, 2005. Significant positive correlation of seed yield with k and cl, indicated that these shoot ions can be considered as good indicators for seed yield improving at saline environment.
Mehmet cengiz baloglu september 2012, 88 pages salinity is the 2nd major limiting abiotic factor on plant growth. Phenotypic variation for salinity induced symptoms was normally distributed and increased with severity over time. The transfer of euryhaline crustaceans from fullstrength seawater to low salinity is known to induce a myriad of physiology changes corresponding with active ion uptake across the posterior gill pairs. Pdf physiological and biochemical responses of saltsensitive. Physiological, biochemical and gene expression studies of. Among the various sources of soil salinity, irrigation combined with poor drainage is the. The effect of temperature and variation of salinity during. Sodicity is a secondary result of salinity in clay soils, where leaching through either natural or human causes of salinity and plant manifestations to salt stress. Effects of stress, tolerance mechanisms and breeding strategies for improvement article pdf available january 2017 with 2,145 reads how we measure reads. Pdf effect of salinity stress on mungbean vigna radiata l. Department of biotechnology, gitam institute of technology, gitam university, visakhapatnam, 530045, andhra pradesh, india. Review article molecular mechanisms of plant salinity. Effects of salinity and drought on growth, ionic relations. Salinity stress impacts many aspects of a plants physiology, making it difficult to study in toto.
A study of salinity tolerance in field pea antonio leonforte. Effect of salinity stress on the morphology and physiology. Wilczek during consecutive summer and spring seasons article pdf available january 2015 with 4,168 reads how we measure reads. The present study was designed to study the effect of salinity on seed germination, seedling growth and acid phosphatase activities in. Water stress x salt stress effects on plant growth and development plant responses to drought and salinity are complexes and involve adaptive changes andor deleterious effects. Effect of salinity on germination, seedling growth and. Background because soil salinity is a major abiotic constraint affecting crop yield, much research has been conducted to develop plants with improved salinity tolerance. Effect of salinity on chlorophyll concentration, leaf area. The first aim of the study described in this thesis was the development of a high throughput technique for the measurement of osmotic stress tolerance in bread wheat. In the irs 1d image of march, the salt affected lands, crops appear to wither away and there is a heavy loss of yield. Plant breeding graduate thesis library plant breeding. Salinity reduces the ability of plants to take up water, and this quickly causes reductions in. Tuna4 1harran university, agriculture faculty, soil science and plant nutrition department, sanl. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and.
Phytohormones and plant responses to salinity stress. Salinity stress and salt tolerance 23 salts in many landscape soils comes from ice melters used on roads and sidewalks. Moreover, regarding specifically salt stress, mechanisms efficiently blocking. Salt tolerance is a polygenic, genotype dependent and developmental stage specific. Effects of salt stress on plant growth, stomatal response. Interactive effect of biochar and plant growthpromoting bacterial endophytes on ameliorating salinity stress in maize. Salinity stress is one of the serious restrictive issues for. Overexpression of bacterial mtld gene confers enhanced. Evaluating rice for salinity using potculture provides a. Instead, it is more tractable to dissect the plants response into traits that are hypothesized to be involved in. Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world due to increasing use of poor quality of water for irrigation and soil salinization.
Salinity imposes negative effect on the plant growth by decreasing leaf water potential, inducing morphological and physiological changes, production o. Comparison between the water and salt stress effects on. In the present study, effect of salt stress was investigated in four species of vigna viz. Comparative study of salt stressinduced physiological and.
The increasing number of salt affected hectares of valuable arable land, combined with the increasing demand for food to feed the everrising world population, makes mediation of salinity stress in plants greatly important. A list of 179 salinity responsive genes had also been identified for future studies. To identify salinity tolerant germplasm and related. Climate change, soil salinity, and the economics of highyield. Munns csiro plant industry, gpo box 1600, canberra act 2601, australia abstract plant responses to salt and water stress have much in common. Pdf interactive effect of biochar and plant growth. These factors include salinity, drought, heavy metal toxicities and temperature extremes which limit the crop productivity worldwide.
University of groningen the determinants of salinity tolerance. Causes of students stress, its effects on their academic success, and stress management by students. Effect of salinity stress on the morphology and physiology of five different coleus species. The decrease in the water potential occurred in both abiotic stresses results in reduced cell growth, root growth and shoot growth and also causes inhibition of cell. Effect of salinity stress on yield, component characters and. Mar 25, 2020 despite many attempts using different strategies to improve salinity tolerance in rice, the achievements so far are quite modest. The studies described in this thesis were carried out in the laboratory of plant eco. Following the experimental program a model is developed to predict the salinity at a given stress level and compared to the collected data.
Effects of salinity stress on chickpea cicer arietinum l. Effect of salinity on germination, seedling growth and acid. Study the effect of salt stress on morphomolecular. Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of masters of science. Salinity reduced mung bean vigna radiata wilczek radicle and root elongation, delayed and inhibited hypocotyl elongation and mobilization of reserves from the cotyledons to the embryo axis. A salinity index was developed to quantify variation for salinity tolerance. Climate change, soil salinity, and the economics of high. Zhu m, shabala s, shabala l and zhou mx 2015 evaluating predictive values of various physiological indices for salinity stress tolerance in wheat. The g oal of this thesis is to identify factors causing stress among students in seinajoki university of applied sciences, finland. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. Physiological and molecular aspects of salinity stress tolerance in crop plants zuby gohar ansari tam1426 course title. Under 100 mm nacl, however, transgenic plants showed better tolerance to salinity by suffering less reduction in growth parameters compared to wild type plants. Salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses for crop plant growth. Classical breeding programs aiming to improve stress tolerance have been hampered by the multigenic nature of the trait and the seemingly scarce natural genetic variability in crop plants.
Pdf effect of salinity stress on mungbean vigna radiata. Phenotyping and quantitative trait locus mapping for salinity stress related traits at the preemergence seedling stage of rice oryza sativa l. Impact of salt stress on five varieties of wheattriticum. Among these, salinity and drought are the most severe ones. Satellite image analysis of salinity areas through gps. Salinity caused a significant reduction on root length and shoot length. Effect of salinity stress on mungbean vigna radiata l. These results suggest that biochar application could improve soil fertility and crop productivity in temperate soils but had limited effects on tropical, sandy, salt stressed soils in this study. Similar effects of salinity induced, osmotic stress on photosynthetic machinery and metabolism can be ex. Salinity tolerance is a complicated process that includes the modiwcation of a number of metabolites, proteins, and genes zhu 2001. K rice genome project, and this set included 203 temperate japonica rice accessions. Publications a variety of sorghum, sensitive to salinity, growing in sand culture and watered with a nutrient solution containing increasing concentrations of sodium chloride. Pdf phytohormones and plant responses to salinity stress.
Under salinity stress, high amount of ros generated in root cells might have damaged the existing active cells, which had a negative effect on cell proliferation. The effect of ga3 on seed germination and early growth of. Effects of abiotic stress on plants the university of liverpool. After this period, salinity stress was imposed by fertigation technique.
Salt tolerant grasses and weeds cover the waterlogged areas it is emphasized that waterlogging, salinity and secondary salinity in the villages of. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in growth of all the rice cultivars. Effects of salt stress on different maize genotypes braz. Salinity occurs through natural or human induced processes that result in the accumulation of dissolved salts in the soil water to an extent that inhibits plant growth. A thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of. Scientist applied exogenous auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins and it helped overcome the harmful impacts of high salt concentration and also.
The goal of this thesis will be to answer several specific questions pertaining to the activation of ionic regulation processes in euryhaline. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of monosaline isomolar solutions of nacl and na2so4 salinity. Review article molecular mechanisms of plant salinity tolerance. To determine the most tolerant genotype to salinity stress, an experiment was done as factorial form under completely block design crd with three replications. Salinity induced oxidative stress could be a reason for germination. Vigna is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, fabaceae with worldwide distribution. Under salinity, a net leakage of k to the media increased with time and increasing nacl concentrations. The results demonstrated that, response of root length to salt stress was more severe than shoot length figure 2. Screening six varieties of rice oryzasativa for salinity. Causes of salinity and plant manifestations to salt stress.
Jul 30, 2019 seventyfour rice genotypes were screened at three salinity treatments including high salt stress electrical conductivity ec 12 dsm. The effect of ga3 on seed germination and early growth of lentil seedlings under salinity stress fariba shohani 1, aliashraf mehrabi 2, ramazanali khavarinegad 3, zeinab safari 4, samira kiani 5 1department of biology, science and research branch, islamic azad university, tehran, iran. Effects of salt stress on plant growth, stomatal response and. Tahir nuclear institute for agriculture and biology, faisalabad, pakistan abstract. Overexpression of bacterial mtld gene confers enhanced tolerance to salt stress and waterdeficit stress in transgenic peanut arachis hypogaea through accumulation of mannitol tengale dipak bhauso1, radhakrishnan thankappan1, abhay kumar1, gyan prakash mishra1, jentilal ramjibhai dobaria1 2and manchikatlavenkat rajam. Plant breeding graduate thesis library plant breeding and. Therefore, there is a much scientific saddle on researchers to enhance crop productivity under environmental stress in order to cope with the increasing food demands. Role of phytohormones as salt stress mitigating agents in cereals j. The present study was designed to study the effect of salinity on seed germination, seedling growth and acid phosphatase activities in romaine and vista. Effect of salinity on chlorophyll concentration, leaf area, yield and yield components of rice genotypes grown under saline environment y. Acid phosphatase activity is known to contribute to resistance under salt and water stress by maintaining a certain level of inorganic phosphate. Effect of salinity nacl stress on germination and early. Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies.
Biochar treatment to tropical, sandy, salt affected soils ndoff had no effect on soil chemical properties. Comparative study of salt stressinduced physiological and molecular responses in tomato solanum lycopersicum l. Sciencedirect the 5th sustainable future for human security sustain 2014 screening six varieties of rice oryzasativa for salinity tolerance yuda cahyoargo hariadiaarry y nurhayatia, sigit soeparjonoa, idam arifb. Fresh and dry masses and water content of the embryo axes were reduced. Crops growing in salt affected soils may suffer from physiological drought stress, ion toxicity, and mineral deficiency which then lead to reduced growth and productivity. Plants were grown in soil and were subjected to a step. Regulation of xylem ion loading and ionic relations in. Nov 16, 2014 the environmental stress is a major area of scientific concern because it constraints plant as well as crop productivity. Plant adaptation or tolerance to salinity stress involves complex physiological traits, metabolic pathways, and molecular or gene networks. Proteomic analysis of the response to highsalinity stress. Biotechnology of water and salinity stress tolerance. Alleviation of salinityinduced oxidative stress, improvement. Transcriptional adaptations to low salinity in euryhaline. Salinity stress and salt tolerance, abiotic stress in plants mechanisms and adaptations, arun shanker and b.
This situation has been further worsened by anthropogenic activities. Present study was carried out to study the effect of salt stress on morphomolecular characters of wheat genotypes. Transcriptomic sequencing of bajong after the saline stress exposure had revealed a total of 4096 degs that showed a high enrichment factor in the secondary metabolite synthesis pathways. Germination and seedling growth of pulse crop vigna spp. Effect of salinity stress on the morphology and physiology of. Eight rapeseed genotypes were evaluated at control and two salinity levels of irrigation, i. Few research works have recently reported results on the effects of na2so4 on germination and plant growth.
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